A stag on a rocky ground in one of the best national parks for wildlife spotting

The Best U.S. National Parks for Wildlife Spotting

By Ivan Slovic on March 26, 2025
13 min read

A wild elk appears!


More than half of Americans—57%, to be exact—enjoy watching wildlife when partaking in outdoor activities like hiking, camping, and fishing. And where better to indulge both than at the stunning U.S. national parks? With National Park Week (April 19th to April 27th) just around the corner, we set out to uncover which national parks offer the best wildlife spotting experiences

We took a look at the data from eight major wildlife categories—mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, spiders & scorpions, and slugs & snails. Then, during the analysis, we factored in not just the number of species present and native to each park, but also which animals visitors are most eager to see.

Let’s find out what are the best national parks for unforgettable wildlife encounters!

Key Findings

  • Grand Canyon National Park ranks as the best national park for wildlife spotting.
  • Redwood National Park is the top choice for mammal spotting.
  • Grand Canyon National Park also takes the lead for birdwatching.
  • Big Bend National Park is the ultimate spot for reptile enthusiasts.
  • National Park of American Samoa is the best for fish spotting.
  • Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park ranks first for insect diversity.

Top 5 Best National Parks for Wildlife Spotting

With over 33,148 wildlife species recorded in U.S. national parks, these five stand out as the best destinations for wildlife enthusiasts:

1. Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park is the grand winner for wildlife spotting in multiple categories. This wonder of the world spans across different elevations and climates, creating unique blends of several ecosystems that are home to a wide range of species. 

  • Grand Canyon National Park ranks 1st in the birdwatching category with 447 bird species, including the striking California condor, peregrine falcon, and Red Crossbill. (If you’re into love stories, here’s one about two California condors fighting extinction)
  • The park ranks 2nd in the mammals category, with 91 species, from American bison, desert bighorn sheep, the aforementioned hog-nosed skunks, to mountain lions. (Predators or just big cats? Here you can find out if mountain lions are dangerous)
  • For reptile enthusiasts, Grand Canyon takes 2nd place again, with 58 species, including Gila monsters, Gopher snakes (longest snakes in Arizona) and short-horned lizards (mini-dragons?).
  • Grand Canyon also ranks 2nd for spiders & scorpions, with 142 species lurking in the park’s vast desert terrain. Among them are Bark Scorpions (which glow white under black light), Tarantulas, and their arch-enemies, Tarantula Hawks.

2. Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Nestled in the Appalachian Mountains, Great Smoky Mountains National Park is known for its microhabitats, supporting an incredible range of species, particularly amphibians and invertebrates. The park's moist environment and abundance of streams make it a global hotspot for salamanders, while its deep forest floors provide a haven for slugs, snails, and countless arachnids. It's also one of the best places in the eastern U.S. to encounter black bears in the wild, making it a dream destination for wildlife watchers of all stripes. 

  • Great Smoky Mountains National Park ranks 1st in the amphibian category, with 52 species, including wood frogs, black-chinned red salamanders, and the rare hellbender salamanders. Ribbit or leave it!
  • The park wins 1st place for slugs & snails, with 189 species sliming the park. 
  • Smokies are the 1st place to go to for spotting spiders & scorpios, with 969 species, including the newly discovered Joro spider—welcome to the GSMNP, lil’ fella!
  • The park comes 3rd for mammal spotting, with 85 species, including raccoons, black bears, and pesky wild European hogs.

3. Big Bend National Park

Big Bend National Park boasts some of the highest biodiversity in the country for reptiles and birds due to its tri-continental location, connecting the U.S., Mexico, and Central America. The arid climate and open terrain make spotting animals relatively easy. The night skies—some of the darkest in the country—offer opportunities to encounter nightlife-inclined wildlife.

  • Big Bend National Park ranks 1st in the reptile category, with 59 species slithering about, ranging from desert tortoises to Western diamondback rattlesnakes. (Planning on camping in BB? Learn the dos and don’ts for dealing with snakes in your campsite.)
  • The park comes in 2nd for birds spotting, with 412 species tweeting around, including painted buntings and Mexican jays. (FY, Texas is the best place for birdwatching, according to data)
  • Big Bend ranks 4th in the mammal category, with 80 species, including fuzzy javelinas and cute bobcats.

4. Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Carlsbad Caverns National Park is equally impressive above ground. This unique park spans desert scrubland and limestone caves, offering a dual habitat for both surface and subterranean species. Of course, the park’s crown jewel is its thriving bat population. Thousands of Brazilian free-tailed bats spiral out of the cave entrances in a mesmerizing display that's worth the visit alone.

  • Carlsbad Caverns rank 4th in bird category, with 362 species, including the cave swallow, the great horn owl, and Ladder-backed woodpecker, the second-smallest North American woodpecker.
  • Surprisingly, the caverns ranks 5th for reptiles, with 43 species, including Texas banded geckos, Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake, and ornate box turtle. (Not to be submerged)
  • Carlsbad Caverns come in at number 7 in mammal category, with 68 species, including Chihuahuan Desert pocket mouse, Rocky Mountain Elk, and the primadonna Brazilian free-tailed bats.

5. Redwood National Park

The ancient trees aren't the only reason to visit Redwood National Park. The park's misty forests, coastal streams, and open prairies provide the perfect backdrop for spotting large mammals like Roosevelt elk, as well as a variety of bird and fish species. Its coastal proximity supports marine-influenced ecosystems that offer surprising biodiversity, especially for fish and amphibians. A must-visit for mammal lovers.

  • The crown winner, Redwood National Park ranks 1st for mammals: 85 species, including Virginia opossums, river otters, and the heavyweight champion, the Roosevelt elk.
  • The park ranks 7th for amphibians, with 19 species, including pond turtles, Foothill yellow-legged frogs, and the Sierran tree frog
  • Redwood National park also ranks 7th in fish category, with 112 species, including salmon, trout, and tidewater goby
  • For bird spotting, the park ranks 9th, with 288 species, including Marbled Murrelet, American Dipper, and Belted Kingfisher

Best National Parks to Spot Each Wildlife Category

Mammals

Redwood National Park is a sanctuary for large land mammals, boasting 85 species including black bears, mountain lions, and the iconic Roosevelt elk. These massive creatures roam freely among the towering trees, making for dramatic and unforgettable wildlife encounters. Humans excluded! 

Birds

If you want to make a calendar for birdwatchers, go to Grand Canyon National Park and bring a camera. It has 447 documented species, from the endangered California condor to migratory songbirds flapping through the canyons. The sheer diversity of avian life tops the category, landing in at number one spot. 

Reptiles

Big Bend National Park leads the nation in reptile biodiversity among national parks, with 59 species ranging from harmless whiptail lizards to venomous Western diamondback rattlesnakes. The park's desert climate and varied terrain create ideal conditions for these sun-loving cold-blooded creatures. Now think: reptiles with sunglasses. 

Amphibians

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with 52 amphibian species, is especially famous for its salamanders, earning it the nickname "Salamander Capital of the World." The park's constant humidity and dense vegetation foster an ideal environment for these moisture-dependent species.

Slugs & Snails

The Smokies are also a haven for mollusks, home to 189 different species of slugs and snails. These slow-moving goo-makers thrive in the damp, shaded understory of the park’s forests.

Spiders & Scorpions

Great Smoky Mountains National Park tops the list with an incredible 969 species of spiders and scorpions. From orb-weavers to elusive cave dwellers, this park supports more arachnid species than any other in the system.

Insects

Here’s what the buzz is about: Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park harbors 1,264 known insect species and many of them endemic to the islands. Its volcanic terrain shelters some of the world’s coolest arthropods, like Kamehameha butterflies and carnivorous caterpillars.

Fish

The coral reefs surrounding the National Park of American Samoa are home to more than 600 species of fish. These Bikini Bottom waters host everything from brightly colored parrotfish to reef sharks, making it an underwater wonderland for snorkelers and divers. You might find The Krabby Patty Secret Formula in the sand.

How to Plan for Wildlife Spotting

Wildlife doesn’t work on a schedule, and the best sightings often come to those who are still, quiet, and willing to wait. Here are a few tips to get you started: 

Start with research

Different parks are known for different types of wildlife. Want to see desert bighorn sheep or tarantulas? Head to the Grand Canyon or Joshua Tree. Hoping for alligators and wading birds? Everglades is your spot. Many parks have official wildlife checklists online, noting what species live there and when they’re most active.

Here are some examples:

For mammals and birds, spring and fall are usually the best times, with cooler temperatures and migration in full swing. Reptiles and spiders love the heat, so summer evenings can offer excellent chances—just be cautious and stay alert.

Pack smart

Binoculars are essential for birdwatching and for spotting mammals from a safe distance. A flashlight or UV light can help you find nocturnal critters like Bark Scorpions. A zoom lens is great for photography, especially for shy reptiles or nesting birds. Don’t forget field guides or wildlife ID apps—they’ll help you tell the difference between a harmless kingsnake and a rattlesnake, or a hawk versus a falcon. 

Dress for the wild 

Stick to muted colors like greens, browns, and grays to avoid startling animals. Wear long sleeves and pants, especially if you’ll be out at night when spiders, scorpions, and snakes are more active. Closed-toe shoes are a must for desert hikes or rocky terrain. Look for lightweight, breathable hiking pants with reinforced knees and plenty of pockets for field guides, snacks, or a quick-draw camera. Layer your clothing—mornings and evenings can be chilly even in the desert. 

Be safe and respectful

Stay on trails and never approach or feed wildlife, no matter how tempting it is to get that perfect photo. Mammals like bears or mountain lions should be admired from a distance, and venomous species like Gila monsters or scorpions should never be handled. Some parks offer ranger-led night hikes or wildlife programs—these are excellent (and safe) ways to learn and observe.

Patience pays off

Some animals, like foxes or owls, are elusive and require you to slow down, stay quiet, and simply watch. Scan the trees, listen for rustling, and look for movement in shaded areas or near water sources. Nighttime is ideal for spotting spiders and scorpions, while early morning and dusk are prime for birds and larger mammals. And, hey—even if you don’t see what you hoped for, every outing builds your skills.

Stay Safe While Spotting Wildlife!

You want to get close—but not too close. Wild animals are called that for a reason. Safety in the field is about respecting nature while avoiding the rookie mistakes that get people injured (or just really embarrassed). Stick to the trails unless you know what you're doing, carry a good set of binoculars or a zoom lens to bridge the distance, and remember: no selfie is worth getting chased by a bison.

  • Keep a safe distance from all animals.
  • Avoid feeding wildlife—it disrupts their natural behavior.
  • Stick to marked trails to minimize environmental impact.
  • Bring binoculars or a zoom lens for better viewing without getting too close.

Also, check out these 7 official NPS tips to stay safe in wildlife!

Methodology

We began by compiling a list of all U.S. National Parks. For each park, we gathered data on the number of currently present and native species across eight wildlife categories:

  • Mammals
  • Birds
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Slugs & Snails
  • Spiders & Scorpions
  • Insects
  • Fish

The data was sourced from the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) Portal of the National Park Service (NPS) and normalized before being weighted. 

Note: Kings Canyon and Sequoia National Parks are treated as one park, as their data was combined on the NPS website. Additionally, Gateway Arch National Park was excluded due to unavailable data.

Weighting Wildlife Categories:

Each wildlife type was assigned a weight out of 100 based on its significance to park visitors and ecological interest:

  • Mammals (25) – Highly sought after, including bears, wolves, and deer.
  • Birds (25) – Birdwatching is a popular activity in national parks.
  • Reptiles (12)– Interesting to many visitors, though not the primary focus.
  • Fish (10) – Important for fishing and underwater viewing.
  • Amphibians (8) – Ecologically significant but less visible.
  • Insects (8) – Often overlooked but can include butterflies and other fascinating species.
  • Spiders & Scorpions (7) – Less commonly sought after but still of interest.
  • Slugs & Snails (5) – Least likely to be a primary attraction.

Scoring System:

Within each category, we weighted species counts out of 100 as follows:

  • Currently Present (60) – More emphasis on what visitors can actually see.
  • Native (40) – Important for ecological integrity but slightly less relevant for wildlife spotting.

Finally, we determined each national park’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order the parks.

The data was collected in March 2024 and can be checked in the table below:

Rankings By CategoryMammalsBirdsReptilesAmphiniansSlugs/SnailsSpiders/ScorpionsInsectsFishStandardisez Data By Category
National ParksOverall RankMammals_RankBirds_RankReptiles_RankAmphinians_RankSlugs/Snails_RankSpiders/Scorpions_RankInsects_RankFish_RankCurrently Present MammalsNative MammalsCurrently Present BirdsNative BirdsCurrently Present ReptilesNative ReptilesCurrently Present AmphiniansNative AmphiniansCurrently Present Slugs/SnailsNative Slugs/SnailsCurrently Present Spiders/ScorpionsNative Spiders/ScorpionsCurrently Present InsectsNative InsectsCurrently Present FishNative FishMammalsBirdsReptilesAmphiniansSlugs/SnailsSpiders/ScorpionsInsectsFishFinal Score
Grand Canyon National Park121217192153091964474445857914221421261211162490.954716981110.9575724440.21153846150.011718333870.48792569660.088260343790.0284009780.6651526562390550
Great Smoky Mountains National Park232281114118581229244424252521891499693104710283900.85576026640.4898383050.698086386110.60952380950.40939075480.127009780.6382889142043140
Big Bend National Park34211725222819808341241359581111100060041410.82801331850.91914552550.97419354840.21153846150.00317460317500.021164021160.061048899760.5785727555678660
Carlsbad Caverns National Park4745202722414968783623614362813000000520.72443951170.79632701420.83728813560.19230769230000.005977995110.4966486226347360
Redwood National Park519177272241785108288273233119220000001121880.95764705880.60409116250.43389830510.38846153850000.20393154030.4939724290600450
Guadalupe Mountains National Park610167224221952697424027143569104753008079300.71640399560.53160719260.79857845820.18076923080.291488228400.059259952250.0030.4419089580928150
Everglades National Park753631027224133627358292575217140000002973140.30610432850.72504181770.91514488790.30384615380000.45054523230.4369661386348030
Death Valley National Park83031038272236424856386405353756000030850.50024417310.8733272930.59464188080.1038461538000.0010582010580.010444987780.4241867394028220
Yellowstone National Park916842407823466642892986755470400170147316130.65749167590.62925843320.10617823950.096153846150.14920634920.024767801860.78585461690.022356968220.4164193534795470
Saguaro National Park101229424272241566972215228515588000000000.70885682570.45408419290.87348277750.153846153800000.4078608802715860
Yosemite National Park115142114272241408079269245212212130000001030.81291897890.54960970170.35549480590.23846153850000.011466992670.4035151692052370
Joshua Tree National Park122611645272241565858251295495225000000000.57837957820.57053247840.83378895570.0615384615400000.3922057657688460
Indiana Dunes National Park133871982715912425630130823231721001124924771590.4578912320.6563841650.38228540190.357692307700.0037937982210.1848837330.099850855750.3780998321811150
Zion National Park147191526272241566878210298292977000000000.72443951170.51308196260.48201202840.134615384600000.3779910427550790
Channel Islands National Park1543533466153544242354350101133333311222562590.40506104330.77413576810.17266265720.057692307690.19335250880.0037937982210.0014913219890.38265036670.3684516400611340
North Cascades National Park1611263813275524677622522689131200323254931329290.70983351830.46689434070.13942044830.242307692300.12140154310.31663704120.04318092910.3684441981516880
Olympic National Park17151045122722181068622493035613130000887885900.66406215320.57517424030.089557135050.25000.061688894430.129009780.3583920441241610
Mammoth Cave National Park183346114181888505016020632412731503047757871170.49172031080.35234875940.58993985780.550.015873015870.0018575851390.19065082480.14421271390.3564070696190820
Kings Canyon National Park & Sequoia National Park1963620152722413671772121802124121200000011110.74184239730.40417479790.36839803170.23076923080000.016378973110.3508114983817920
Shenandoah National Park2028381652710142055551961962430252500441678441310.54588235290.39581126290.43761618370.480769230800.015175192880.091912419480.056158924210.3404300339461660
Rocky Mountain National Park21171352431576386169259269134510222215871071080.64106548280.55765263450.029524330240.084615384620.037115159260.080288957690.24909789570.013911980440.3387866944284010
Congaree National Park2252409212111014353619119333453238200210474060620.33300776910.38561471980.6259158010.66153846150.063492063490.013003095980.16719576720.090317848410.3341808613925230
Mesa Verde National Park2313302742272241566579210230161937000000000.7070366260.44862698630.28529250960.0884615384600000.3302279273027670
Cuyahoga Valley National Park2442202461312111341462412461920202411102221120165700.41309655940.50938109840.3222525970.41538461540.06176627250.0075875964420.15340519680.099229828850.3283353393257380
Capitol Reef National Park25182125382722413958712342421721560000001070.6274361820.49529551160.30836522690.10384615380000.013422982890.3273367412215770
New River Gorge National Park26324122316917185149192190202329349076222048300.49500554940.38424170620.35177692730.59615384620.028571428570.023381984370.078306878310.062669926650.3253142061181510
Glacier National Park27201551329221628606524227234662015001914026210.61891231960.53549623640.056314926190.11538461540.103760519900.083089226380.036268948660.3200527583560520
Crater Lake National Park2874340192715134868781482473138150011124125620.72443951170.37356425980.11437944230.207692307700.0037937982210.092854890630.006977995110.3132336172005270
Wind Cave National Park2923253232822244255662222321112662517001000850.58739178690.46816977980.18928376160.11538461540.125002663300.035273368610.010444987780.3059517137198220
Canyonlands National Park30253423322722412749752042181922660000003390.57900110990.42842904930.33515582290.11538461540000.0374009780.3050471055784540
Lassen Volcanic National Park311439303722223446607716923682065030007900.66419533850.39402007250.21038819030.10769230770.00805369127500.0027504911590.0090.2999385440532050
Great Basin National Park32223129502722314755672062361318130000012570.59116537180.44843183720.24833242210.03461538462000.0047151277010.0084229828850.2936879321742160
Biscayne National Park33562812292722302241322920732338500001185491100.16856825750.45476721490.53832695460.1307692308000.0070234890140.60278973110.2917354933508510
Glacier Bay National Park3437185348101829542572432510114250303401033280.46166481690.51706161140.0064516129030.042307692310.079365079370.0018575851390.011992945330.2633911980.2802372563526490
Grand Teton National Park3524354740112020325663180243455524010152022120.58312985570.41683161420.072936030620.096153846150.076190476190.00061919504640.053615520280.027867970660.2773639049873410
Pinnacles National Park363150182514131253495415916621297911110032368210.49975582690.31296347920.40065609620.150.037605198680.0061919504640.14065203760.0024889975550.2770733172975820
Bryce Canyon National Park371944354427224155567416521381334000000100.62463928970.36633677170.16522689990.065384615380000.0010.2729020125626150
Voyageurs National Park3836244721272227154161223231451090000443554540.4697003330.46869250070.072936030620.1846153846000.029272737980.080405867970.2685021686941290
Petrified Forest National Park3944232626272241563260226242162177000000000.40239733630.48353080570.29819573540.134615384600000.2680347545092260
Mount Rainier National Park4021524611272226355866148179551414000046451580.60856825750.30910928350.083105522140.2692307692000.033907478440.018911980440.2655343057686780
Great Sand Dunes National Park41293343322722385148621972365866000011410.52288568260.43519654310.10246036090.1153846154000.00074566099450.0044889975550.2615551215799630
Arches National Park42354228362722414044571822041420570000001030.47578246390.3828059660.27140513940.11153846150000.011466992670.2572855003993490
Badlands National Park433932373127202533376120622661358001096115170.44146503880.43895316420.14488791690.119230769200.00061919504640.034255361170.023312958440.2521446307186900
White Sands National Park4441511326272241543852160162283377000000110.41456159820.31064259830.49764898850.13461538460000.0014889975550.2519370582708620
Acadia National Park454727411627224125384121423176111200000033150.37305216430.45545720660.10989611810.21923076920000.040334963330.2418868347529690
WrangellSt. Elias National Park46343753492422219445919120701221100585888900.48332963370.3988848620.0064516129030.038461538460.00585916693300.043248337680.132009780.2413585439171090
Theodore Roosevelt National Park4740453430192222263760162213912672200427029220.43769145390.3619250070.16894477860.12307692310.0117183338700.042319726410.039757946210.2379709319284960
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park4827533652272241375066143173911120000001270.55209766930.29606913860.16249316570.026923076920000.015422982890.2352370262751390
Hot Springs National Park4951571492322322238311069218481322200012028470.33531631520.16488012270.49272826680.31923076920.00634920634900.0042328042330.050982885090.2154693361882260
Isle Royale National Park5055174923272223161825243256538110000921953510.17149833520.52180094790.070202296340.1769230769000.039917117980.077938875310.2068901994457250
Denali National Park5148495553254731374115417900111020205794919190.36599334070.317932812900.019230769230.0031746031750.12507739940.22348624230.028290953550.2021421428131410
Katmai National Park5246475553172239233547160201001160002031400.37451720310.347609422900.019230769230.0190476190500.00070546737210.05055990220.1881349266065980
Lake Clark National Park5345485556272236173648158180001000003043540.38534961150.324763033200.01153846154000.0010582010580.069405867970.1854764809843200
Dry Tortugas National Park54601250602722416622912284400000000261400.56584889880.0664844177100000.26295599020.1757359538480630
Kenai Fjords National Park5549545559212239213250145142000130002032400.36466148720.269626428800.0076923076920.00952380952400.00070546737210.05155990220.1648759817031350
National Park of American Samoa565959315621432110539381014105258801206008180.039556048830.015165876780.19201749590.011538461540.32078406310.0049535603720.00423280423310.1543702345519020
Gates of the Arctic National Park575055555627224145383812113400100000001170.36173140950.226749372700.011538461540000.0093129584350.1489745683365540
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park5857583947331501426240112404565863912641018440.056470588240.050885140790.12476763260.046153846150.31735378720.17706029780.84585537920.005955990220.1420292954189650
Kobuk Valley National Park5954565553272241292836109125001100000016260.28359600440.200571508200.019230769230000.028713936430.1254517333474060
Haleakalā National Park6058604450563441324122913036364324863587670.049411764710.0029411764710.097977036630.034615384620.21093000960.10281586320.53505750110.0094229828850.0891052197409868

Final Thoughts

There is an unexplored pulse of life in the moss-soaked shadows of coastal redwoods. The sun-scorched badlands of Big Bend. The out-of-this-world lava fields of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. America’s national parks offer some of the best wildlife spotting experiences on Earth, no passport required. 

If you want to catch a glimpse of a condor in California, a lurking rattlesnake in Texas, or a massive elk in Washington, consider adding these national parks to your itinerary. Once-in-a-lifetime encounters with nature’s most incredible creatures are guaranteed. 

See you on trails!

Research done by Andreea Racu.
Data analyzed by Oded Gross.
Featured image by Ben Kelsey.

Ivan Slovic
Ivan Slovic

Trying to escape the concrete confines as much as I can but I always end up traveling to different cities. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

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